The Fine-Grained Hardness of Sparse Linear Regression

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.03131v1
• Date: Sun, 6 Jun 2021 14:19:43 GMT
• Title: The Fine-Grained Hardness of Sparse Linear Regression
• Authors: Aparna Gupte and Vinod Vaikuntanathan
• Abstract summary: We show that there are no better-than-brute-force algorithms for the problem. We also show the impossibility of better-than-brute-force algorithms when the prediction error is measured.
• Score: 12.83354999540079
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Sparse linear regression is the well-studied inference problem where one is given a design matrix $\mathbf{A} \in \mathbb{R}^{M\times N}$ and a response vector $\mathbf{b} \in \mathbb{R}^M$, and the goal is to find a solution $\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^{N}$ which is $k$-sparse (that is, it has at most $k$ non-zero coordinates) and minimizes the prediction error $||\mathbf{A} \mathbf{x} - \mathbf{b}||_2$. On the one hand, the problem is known to be $\mathcal{NP}$-hard which tells us that no polynomial-time algorithm exists unless $\mathcal{P} = \mathcal{NP}$. On the other hand, the best known algorithms for the problem do a brute-force search among $N^k$ possibilities. In this work, we show that there are no better-than-brute-force algorithms, assuming any one of a variety of popular conjectures including the weighted $k$-clique conjecture from the area of fine-grained complexity, or the hardness of the closest vector problem from the geometry of numbers. We also show the impossibility of better-than-brute-force algorithms when the prediction error is measured in other $\ell_p$ norms, assuming the strong exponential-time hypothesis.

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