Follow the Water: Finding Water, Snow and Clouds on Terrestrial
Exoplanets with Photometry and Machine Learning
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.04201v1
- Date: Tue, 8 Mar 2022 17:03:19 GMT
- Title: Follow the Water: Finding Water, Snow and Clouds on Terrestrial
Exoplanets with Photometry and Machine Learning
- Authors: Dang Pham and Lisa Kaltenegger
- Abstract summary: We use machine learning to identify water on the surface of exoplanets from broadband-filter photometry.
Planned small and large telescope missions could use this to aid their prioritisation of targets for time-intense follow-up observations.
- Score: 0.6091702876917281
- License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
- Abstract: All life on Earth needs water. NASA's quest to follow the water links water
to the search for life in the cosmos. Telescopes like JWST and mission concepts
like HabEx, LUVOIR and Origins are designed to characterise rocky exoplanets
spectroscopically. However, spectroscopy remains time-intensive and therefore,
initial characterisation is critical to prioritisation of targets.
Here, we study machine learning as a tool to assess water's existence through
broadband-filter reflected photometric flux on Earth-like exoplanets in three
forms: seawater, water-clouds and snow; based on 53,130 spectra of cold,
Earth-like planets with 6 major surfaces. XGBoost, a well-known machine
learning algorithm, achieves over 90\% balanced accuracy in detecting the
existence of snow or clouds for S/N$\gtrsim 20$, and 70\% for liquid seawater
for S/N $\gtrsim 30$. Finally, we perform mock Bayesian analysis with
Markov-chain Monte Carlo with five filters identified to derive exact surface
compositions to test for retrieval feasibility.
The results show that the use of machine learning to identify water on the
surface of exoplanets from broadband-filter photometry provides a promising
initial characterisation tool of water in different forms. Planned small and
large telescope missions could use this to aid their prioritisation of targets
for time-intense follow-up observations.
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