Fundamental properties of beam-splitters in classical and quantum optics
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.13705v1
- Date: Thu, 23 Mar 2023 22:45:32 GMT
- Title: Fundamental properties of beam-splitters in classical and quantum optics
- Authors: Masud Mansuripur and Ewan M. Wright
- Abstract summary: A beam-splitter has certain (complex-valued) probability amplitudes for sending an incoming photon into one of two possible directions.
We use elementary laws of classical and quantum optics to obtain general relations among the magnitudes and phases of these probability amplitudes.
A simple application of the Feynman method provides a form of justification for the Bose enhancement implicit in the well-known formulas.
- Score: 0.0
- License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
- Abstract: A lossless beam-splitter has certain (complex-valued) probability amplitudes
for sending an incoming photon into one of two possible directions. We use
elementary laws of classical and quantum optics to obtain general relations
among the magnitudes and phases of these probability amplitudes. Proceeding to
examine a pair of (nearly) single-mode wavepackets in the number-states |n1>
and |n2> that simultaneously arrive at the splitter's input ports, we find the
distribution of photon-number states at the output ports using an argument
inspired by Feynman's scattering analysis of indistinguishable Bose particles.
The result thus obtained coincides with that of the standard quantum-optical
treatment of beam-splitters via annihilation and creation operators a and
a{\dag}. A simple application of the Feynman method provides a form of
justification for the Bose enhancement implicit in the well-known formulas
a|n>=sqrt(n)|n-1> and a{\dag}|n>=sqrt(n+1)|n+1>.
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