Topological Polarisation States

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2304.00014v1
• Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2023 04:06:04 GMT
• Title: Topological Polarisation States
• Authors: Shinichi Saito
• Abstract summary: We show that broken rotational symmetric systems can exhibit distinct topological structures in polarisation states. We use a phase-shifter to form a polarisation circle, which interferes with the original input due to the phase change of the output state. We also discuss about realisations of other topological features, such as M"obius strip, Hopf-links, and topological Dirac bosons with a bulk-edge correspondence.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Polarisation states are described by spin expectation values, known as Stokes parameters, whose trajectories in a rotationally symmetric system form a sphere named after Poincar\'e. Here, we show that the trajectories of broken rotational symmetric systems can exhibit distinct topological structures in polarisation states. We use a phase-shifter to form a polarisation circle (${\mathbb S}^1$), which interferes with the original input due to the phase change of the output state upon the rotation. By rotating the circle using a rotator, the trajectories become a polarisation torus (${\mathbb S}^1 \times {\mathbb S}^1$), which was experimentally confirmed in a simple set-up using passive optical components together with Mach-Zehnder interferometers. We also discuss about realisations of other topological features, such as M\"obius strip, Hopf-links, and topological Dirac bosons with a bulk-edge correspondence.

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