CFT-Forensics: High-Performance Byzantine Accountability for Crash Fault Tolerant Protocols

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.09123v3
• Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2024 14:20:12 GMT
• Title: CFT-Forensics: High-Performance Byzantine Accountability for Crash Fault Tolerant Protocols
• Authors: Weizhao Tang, Peiyao Sheng, Ronghao Ni, Pronoy Roy, Xuechao Wang, Giulia Fanti, Pramod Viswanath,
• Abstract summary: Crash fault tolerant (CFT) consensus algorithms are commonly used in scenarios where system components are trusted. We propose CFT-Forensics, an accountability framework for CFT protocols.
• Score: 14.503216369017762
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Crash fault tolerant (CFT) consensus algorithms are commonly used in scenarios where system components are trusted -- e.g., enterprise settings and government infrastructure. However, CFT consensus can be broken by even a single corrupt node. A desirable property in the face of such potential Byzantine faults is \emph{accountability}: if a corrupt node breaks protocol and affects consensus safety, it should be possible to identify the culpable components with cryptographic integrity from the node states. Today, the best-known protocol for providing accountability to CFT protocols is called PeerReview; it essentially records a signed transcript of all messages sent during the CFT protocol. Because PeerReview is agnostic to the underlying CFT protocol, it incurs high communication and storage overhead. We propose CFT-Forensics, an accountability framework for CFT protocols. We show that for a special family of \emph{forensics-compliant} CFT protocols (which includes widely-used CFT protocols like Raft and multi-Paxos), CFT-Forensics gives provable accountability guarantees. Under realistic deployment settings, we show theoretically that CFT-Forensics operates at a fraction of the cost of PeerReview. We subsequently instantiate CFT-Forensics for Raft, and implement Raft-Forensics as an extension to the popular nuRaft library. In extensive experiments, we demonstrate that Raft-Forensics adds low overhead to vanilla Raft. With 256 byte messages, Raft-Forensics achieves a peak throughput 87.8\% of vanilla Raft at 46\% higher latency ($+44$ ms). We finally integrate Raft-Forensics into the open-source central bank digital currency OpenCBDC, and show that in wide-area network experiments, Raft-Forensics achieves 97.8\% of the throughput of Raft, with 14.5\% higher latency ($+326$ ms).

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