SelfSeg: A Self-supervised Sub-word Segmentation Method for Neural Machine Translation

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2307.16400v1
• Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2023 04:38:47 GMT
• Title: SelfSeg: A Self-supervised Sub-word Segmentation Method for Neural Machine Translation
• Authors: Haiyue Song, Raj Dabre, Chenhui Chu, Sadao Kurohashi, and Eiichiro Sumita
• Abstract summary: Sub-word segmentation is an essential pre-processing step for Neural Machine Translation (NMT) This paper introduces SelfSeg, a self-supervised neural sub-word segmentation method. SelfSeg is much faster to train/decode and requires only monolingual dictionaries instead of parallel corpora.
• Score: 51.881877192924414
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Sub-word segmentation is an essential pre-processing step for Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Existing work has shown that neural sub-word segmenters are better than Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE), however, they are inefficient as they require parallel corpora, days to train and hours to decode. This paper introduces SelfSeg, a self-supervised neural sub-word segmentation method that is much faster to train/decode and requires only monolingual dictionaries instead of parallel corpora. SelfSeg takes as input a word in the form of a partially masked character sequence, optimizes the word generation probability and generates the segmentation with the maximum posterior probability, which is calculated using a dynamic programming algorithm. The training time of SelfSeg depends on word frequencies, and we explore several word frequency normalization strategies to accelerate the training phase. Additionally, we propose a regularization mechanism that allows the segmenter to generate various segmentations for one word. To show the effectiveness of our approach, we conduct MT experiments in low-, middle- and high-resource scenarios, where we compare the performance of using different segmentation methods. The experimental results demonstrate that on the low-resource ALT dataset, our method achieves more than 1.2 BLEU score improvement compared with BPE and SentencePiece, and a 1.1 score improvement over Dynamic Programming Encoding (DPE) and Vocabulary Learning via Optimal Transport (VOLT) on average. The regularization method achieves approximately a 4.3 BLEU score improvement over BPE and a 1.2 BLEU score improvement over BPE-dropout, the regularized version of BPE. We also observed significant improvements on IWSLT15 Vi->En, WMT16 Ro->En and WMT15 Fi->En datasets, and competitive results on the WMT14 De->En and WMT14 Fr->En datasets.

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