Who Made This Copy? An Empirical Analysis of Code Clone Authorship
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2309.01116v1
- Date: Sun, 3 Sep 2023 08:24:32 GMT
- Title: Who Made This Copy? An Empirical Analysis of Code Clone Authorship
- Authors: Reishi Yokomori and Katsuro Inoue
- Abstract summary: We analyzed the authorship of code clones at the line-level granularity for Java files in 153 Apache projects stored on GitHub.
We found that there are a substantial number of clone lines across all projects.
One-third of clone sets are primarily contributed to by multiple leading authors.
- Score: 1.1512593234650217
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Abstract: Code clones are code snippets that are identical or similar to other snippets
within the same or different files. They are often created through
copy-and-paste practices during development and maintenance activities. Since
code clones may require consistent updates and coherent management, they
present a challenging issue in software maintenance. Therefore, many studies
have been conducted to find various types of clones with accuracy, scalability,
or performance. However, the exploration of the nature of code clones has been
limited. Even the fundamental question of whether code snippets in the same
clone set were written by the same author or different authors has not been
thoroughly investigated.
In this paper, we investigate the characteristics of code clones with a focus
on authorship. We analyzed the authorship of code clones at the line-level
granularity for Java files in 153 Apache projects stored on GitHub and
addressed three research questions.
Based on these research questions, we found that there are a substantial
number of clone lines across all projects (an average of 18.5\% for all
projects). Furthermore, authors who contribute to many non-clone lines also
contribute to many clone lines. Additionally, we found that one-third of clone
sets are primarily contributed to by multiple leading authors.
These results confirm our intuitive understanding of clone characteristics,
although no previous publications have provided empirical validation data from
multiple projects. As the results could assist in designing better clone
management techniques, we will explore the implications of developing an
effective clone management tool.
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