Enhancing Computation Efficiency in Large Language Models through Weight and Activation Quantization

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2311.05161v2
• Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2024 06:35:17 GMT
• Title: Enhancing Computation Efficiency in Large Language Models through Weight and Activation Quantization
• Authors: Janghwan Lee, Minsoo Kim, Seungcheol Baek, Seok Joong Hwang, Wonyong Sung, Jungwook Choi,
• Abstract summary: This paper focuses on post-training quantization (PTQ) in Large Language Models (LLMs) We present two innovative techniques: activation-quantization-aware scaling (AQAS) and sequence-length-aware calibration (SLAC) We demonstrate that our techniques significantly boost task accuracies to levels comparable with full-precision models.
• Score: 12.655230451207956
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are proficient in natural language processing tasks, but their deployment is often restricted by extensive parameter sizes and computational demands. This paper focuses on post-training quantization (PTQ) in LLMs, specifically 4-bit weight and 8-bit activation (W4A8) quantization, to enhance computational efficiency -- a topic less explored compared to weight-only quantization. We present two innovative techniques: activation-quantization-aware scaling (AQAS) and sequence-length-aware calibration (SLAC) to enhance PTQ by considering the combined effects on weights and activations and aligning calibration sequence lengths to target tasks. Moreover, we introduce dINT, a hybrid data format combining integer and denormal representations, to address the underflow issue in W4A8 quantization, where small values are rounded to zero. Through rigorous evaluations of LLMs, including OPT and LLaMA, we demonstrate that our techniques significantly boost task accuracies to levels comparable with full-precision models. By developing arithmetic units compatible with dINT, we further confirm that our methods yield a 2$\times$ hardware efficiency improvement compared to 8-bit integer MAC unit.

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