Cavity-resonated detection of spin polarization in a microfabricated
atomic vapor cell
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.12256v1
- Date: Tue, 19 Dec 2023 15:39:37 GMT
- Title: Cavity-resonated detection of spin polarization in a microfabricated
atomic vapor cell
- Authors: Mar\'ia Hern\'andez Ruiz, Yintao Ma, Hana Medhat, Vito Giovanni
Lucivero and Morgan W. Mitchell
- Abstract summary: We demonstrate continuous Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) nondestructive monitoring of the electron spin polarization of an atomic vapor in a microfabricated vapor cell within an optical resonator.
- Score: 0.9998523506998631
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Abstract: We demonstrate continuous Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) nondestructive monitoring
of the electron spin polarization of an atomic vapor in a microfabricated vapor
cell within an optical resonator. The two-chamber silicon and glass cell
contains $^{87}$Rb and 1.3 amagat of N$_{2}$ buffer gas, and is placed within a
planar optical resonator formed by two mirrors with dichroic dielectric
coatings to resonantly enhance the coupling to phase-modulated probe light near
the D$_2$ line at 780 nm. We describe the theory of signal generation in this
system, including the spin-dependent complex refractive index, cavity optical
transfer functions, and PDH signal response to spin polarization. We observe
cavity transmission and PDH signals across $\approx 200$ GHz of detuning around
the atomic resonance line. By resonant optical pumping on the 795 nm D$_1$
line, we observe spin-dependent cavity line shifts, in good agreement with
theory. We use the saturation of the line shift vs. optical pumping power to
calibrate the number density and efficiency of the optical pumping. In the
unresolved sideband regime, we observe quantum-noise-limited PDH readout of the
spin polarization density, with a flat noise floor of $9 \times 10^9$ spins
cm$^{-3}$ Hz$^{-1/2}$ for frequencies above 700 Hz. We note possible extensions
of the technique.
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