No Free Lunch in LLM Watermarking: Trade-offs in Watermarking Design Choices

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.16187v3
• Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 15:14:38 GMT
• Title: No Free Lunch in LLM Watermarking: Trade-offs in Watermarking Design Choices
• Authors: Qi Pang, Shengyuan Hu, Wenting Zheng, Virginia Smith,
• Abstract summary: We show that common design choices in LLM watermarking schemes make the resulting systems surprisingly susceptible to attack. We propose guidelines and defenses for LLM watermarking in practice.
• Score: 20.20770405297239
• License:
• Abstract: Advances in generative models have made it possible for AI-generated text, code, and images to mirror human-generated content in many applications. Watermarking, a technique that aims to embed information in the output of a model to verify its source, is useful for mitigating the misuse of such AI-generated content. However, we show that common design choices in LLM watermarking schemes make the resulting systems surprisingly susceptible to attack -- leading to fundamental trade-offs in robustness, utility, and usability. To navigate these trade-offs, we rigorously study a set of simple yet effective attacks on common watermarking systems, and propose guidelines and defenses for LLM watermarking in practice.

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