Computational Life: How Well-formed, Self-replicating Programs Emerge from Simple Interaction

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.19108v2
• Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2024 09:10:54 GMT
• Title: Computational Life: How Well-formed, Self-replicating Programs Emerge from Simple Interaction
• Authors: Blaise Agüera y Arcas, Jyrki Alakuijala, James Evans, Ben Laurie, Alexander Mordvintsev, Eyvind Niklasson, Ettore Randazzo, Luca Versari,
• Abstract summary: We show that when random, non self-replicating programs are placed in an environment lacking any explicit fitness landscape, self-replicators tend to arise. We also show how increasingly complex dynamics continue to emerge following the rise of self-replicators.
• Score: 37.95302339577743
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: The fields of Origin of Life and Artificial Life both question what life is and how it emerges from a distinct set of "pre-life" dynamics. One common feature of most substrates where life emerges is a marked shift in dynamics when self-replication appears. While there are some hypotheses regarding how self-replicators arose in nature, we know very little about the general dynamics, computational principles, and necessary conditions for self-replicators to emerge. This is especially true on "computational substrates" where interactions involve logical, mathematical, or programming rules. In this paper we take a step towards understanding how self-replicators arise by studying several computational substrates based on various simple programming languages and machine instruction sets. We show that when random, non self-replicating programs are placed in an environment lacking any explicit fitness landscape, self-replicators tend to arise. We demonstrate how this occurs due to random interactions and self-modification, and can happen with and without background random mutations. We also show how increasingly complex dynamics continue to emerge following the rise of self-replicators. Finally, we show a counterexample of a minimalistic programming language where self-replicators are possible, but so far have not been observed to arise.

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