Erasing Conceptual Knowledge from Language Models

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.02760v1
• Date: Thu, 3 Oct 2024 17:59:30 GMT
• Title: Erasing Conceptual Knowledge from Language Models
• Authors: Rohit Gandikota, Sheridan Feucht, Samuel Marks, David Bau,
• Abstract summary: Erasure of Language Memory (ELM) is an evaluation paradigm centered on innocence, seamlessness, and specificity. ELM employs targeted low-rank updates to alter output distributions for erased concepts. We demonstrate ELM's efficacy on biosecurity, cybersecurity, and literary domain erasure tasks.
• Score: 24.63143961814566
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Concept erasure in language models has traditionally lacked a comprehensive evaluation framework, leading to incomplete assessments of effectiveness of erasure methods. We propose an evaluation paradigm centered on three critical criteria: innocence (complete knowledge removal), seamlessness (maintaining conditional fluent generation), and specificity (preserving unrelated task performance). Our evaluation metrics naturally motivate the development of Erasure of Language Memory (ELM), a new method designed to address all three dimensions. ELM employs targeted low-rank updates to alter output distributions for erased concepts while preserving overall model capabilities including fluency when prompted for an erased concept. We demonstrate ELM's efficacy on biosecurity, cybersecurity, and literary domain erasure tasks. Comparative analysis shows that ELM achieves superior performance across our proposed metrics, including near-random scores on erased topic assessments, generation fluency, maintained accuracy on unrelated benchmarks, and robustness under adversarial attacks. Our code, data, and trained models are available at https://elm.baulab.info

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