Post-selection shifts the transition frequency of helium in an atomic beam

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.09958v1
• Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2024 05:26:11 GMT
• Title: Post-selection shifts the transition frequency of helium in an atomic beam
• Authors: Jin-Lu Wen, Jia-Dong Tang, Ya-Nan Lv, Yu R. Sun, Chang-Ling Zou, Jun-Feng Dong, Shui-Ming Hu,
• Abstract summary: Post-selection effects may introduce unintended biases in precision measurements. We investigate the influence of post-selection in the precision spectroscopy of the $23S - 23P$ transition of helium.
• Score: 0.848093199044277
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• Abstract: Post-selecting output states in measurements can effectively amplify weak signals and improve precision. However, post-selection effects may also introduce unintended biases in precision measurements. Here, we investigate the influence of post-selection in the precision spectroscopy of the $2^3S - 2^3P$ transition of helium ($^4$He) using an atomic beam. We directly observe that post-selection based on atomic positions causes a shift in the measured transition frequency, amounting to approximately -55 kHz. After accounting for this post-selection shift, we obtain a corrected frequency of $276,764,094,712.45 \pm 0.86$ kHz for the $2^3S_1 - 2^3P_0$ transition. Combining this result with existing data for $^3$He, we derive a new value for the difference in squared nuclear charge radii, $\delta r^2 [r_{h}^{2} - r_{\alpha}^{2}] = 1.0733 \pm 0.0021$ fm$^2$. This value shows a $2.8\sigma$ deviation from measurements of muonic helium ions, potentially pointing to new physics that challenges lepton universality in quantum electrodynamics.

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