The Utility and Complexity of in- and out-of-Distribution Machine Unlearning

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2412.09119v2
• Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2025 09:38:31 GMT
• Title: The Utility and Complexity of in- and out-of-Distribution Machine Unlearning
• Authors: Youssef Allouah, Joshua Kazdan, Rachid Guerraoui, Sanmi Koyejo,
• Abstract summary: We analyze the fundamental utility, time, and space complexity trade-offs of approximate unlearning. We propose a new robust and noisy gradient descent variant that provably amortizes unlearning time complexity without compromising utility.
• Score: 16.879887267565742
• License:
• Abstract: Machine unlearning, the process of selectively removing data from trained models, is increasingly crucial for addressing privacy concerns and knowledge gaps post-deployment. Despite this importance, existing approaches are often heuristic and lack formal guarantees. In this paper, we analyze the fundamental utility, time, and space complexity trade-offs of approximate unlearning, providing rigorous certification analogous to differential privacy. For in-distribution forget data -- data similar to the retain set -- we show that a surprisingly simple and general procedure, empirical risk minimization with output perturbation, achieves tight unlearning-utility-complexity trade-offs, addressing a previous theoretical gap on the separation from unlearning "for free" via differential privacy, which inherently facilitates the removal of such data. However, such techniques fail with out-of-distribution forget data -- data significantly different from the retain set -- where unlearning time complexity can exceed that of retraining, even for a single sample. To address this, we propose a new robust and noisy gradient descent variant that provably amortizes unlearning time complexity without compromising utility.

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