Electron dynamics induced by quantum cat-state light

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16801v1
• Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2025 09:05:06 GMT
• Title: Electron dynamics induced by quantum cat-state light
• Authors: Shohei Imai, Atsushi Ono, Naoto Tsuji,
• Abstract summary: We present an effective theory for describing electron dynamics driven by an optical external field in a Schr"odinger's cat state. We show that the electron density matrix evolves as an average over trajectories $rho_alpha$ weighted by the Sudarshan--Glauber $P$ distribution.
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• Abstract: We present an effective theory for describing electron dynamics driven by an optical external field in a Schr\"{o}dinger's cat state. We show that the electron density matrix evolves as an average over trajectories $\{\rho_\alpha\}$ weighted by the Sudarshan--Glauber $P$ distribution $P(\alpha)$ in the weak light--matter coupling regime. Each trajectory obeys an equation of motion, $\mathrm{i} \partial_t\rho_\alpha=\mathcal{H}_{\alpha} \rho_\alpha-\rho_\alpha\mathcal{H}_{\alpha}$, where an effective Hamiltonian $\mathcal{H}_{\alpha}$ becomes non-Hermitian due to quantum interference of light. The optical quantum interference is transferred to electrons through the asymmetric action between the ket and bra state vectors in $\rho_{\alpha}$. This non-Hermitian dynamics differs from the conventional one observed in open quantum systems, described by $\mathrm{i} \partial_t\rho=\mathcal{H}\rho-\rho \mathcal{H}^\dagger$, which has complex conjugation in the second term. We confirm that the results of the effective theory agree with those of full electron--photon system simulations for the few-electron Dicke model, demonstrating experimental accessibility to exotic non-Hermitian dynamics.

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