Single-Qubit Gates Beyond the Rotating-Wave Approximation for Strongly Anharmonic Low-Frequency Qubits

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08238v1
• Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2025 10:02:31 GMT
• Title: Single-Qubit Gates Beyond the Rotating-Wave Approximation for Strongly Anharmonic Low-Frequency Qubits
• Authors: Martijn F. S. Zwanenburg, Siddharth Singh, Eugene Y. Huang, Figen Yilmaz, Taryn V. Stefanski, Jinlun Hu, Piranavan Kumaravadivel, Christian Kraglund Andersen,
• Abstract summary: Single-qubit gates are in many quantum platforms applied using a linear drive resonant with the qubit transition frequency.<n>In this work, we derive and verify a correction to the drive pulses that minimizes the effect of these counter-rotating terms in a two-level system.<n>We experimentally implement these correction terms on a fluxonium superconducting qubit, which is an example of a strongly anharmonic, low-frequency qubit.
• Score: 0.903415485511869
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Single-qubit gates are in many quantum platforms applied using a linear drive resonant with the qubit transition frequency which is often theoretically described within the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). However, for fast gates on low-frequency qubits, the RWA may not hold and we need to consider the contribution from counter-rotating terms to the qubit dynamics. The inclusion of counter-rotating terms into the theoretical description gives rise to two challenges. Firstly, it becomes challenging to analytically calculate the time evolution as the Hamiltonian is no longer self-commuting. Moreover, the time evolution now depends on the carrier phase such that, in general, every operation in a sequence of gates is different. In this work, we derive and verify a correction to the drive pulses that minimizes the effect of these counter-rotating terms in a two-level system. We then derive a second correction term that arises from non-computational levels for a strongly anharmonic system. We experimentally implement these correction terms on a fluxonium superconducting qubit, which is an example of a strongly anharmonic, low-frequency qubit for which the RWA may not hold, and demonstrate how fast, high-fidelity single-qubit gates can be achieved without the need for additional hardware complexities.

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