Stabilizing open photon condensates by ghost-attractor dynamics

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.16695v2
• Date: Wed, 09 Jul 2025 13:04:22 GMT
• Title: Stabilizing open photon condensates by ghost-attractor dynamics
• Abstract summary: We study the temporal, driven-dissipative dynamics of open photon Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in a dye-filled microcavity.<n>The fluctuations fundamentally alter the dynamics in that the BEC always dephases to zero for sufficiently long time.<n>A ghost-attractor, although it is outside of the physically accessible configuration space, attracts the dynamics and leads to a plateau-like stabilization of the BEC for an exponentially long time.
• Score: 0.44463816279111473
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We study the temporal, driven-dissipative dynamics of open photon Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in a dye-filled microcavity, taking the condensate amplitude and the noncondensed fluctuations into account on the same footing by means of a cumulant expansion within the Lindblad formalism. The fluctuations fundamentally alter the dynamics in that the BEC always dephases to zero for sufficiently long time. However, a ghost-attractor, although it is outside of the physically accessible configuration space, attracts the dynamics and leads to a plateau-like stabilization of the BEC for an exponentially long time, consistent with experiments. We also show that the photon BEC and the lasing state are separated by a true phase transition, since they are characterized by different fixed points. The ghost-attractor nonequilibrium stabilization mechanism is alternative to prethermalization and may possibly be realized on other dynamical platforms as well.

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