Feather-SQL: A Lightweight NL2SQL Framework with Dual-Model Collaboration Paradigm for Small Language Models

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.17811v1
• Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2025 16:22:53 GMT
• Title: Feather-SQL: A Lightweight NL2SQL Framework with Dual-Model Collaboration Paradigm for Small Language Models
• Authors: Wenqi Pei, Hailing Xu, Hengyuan Zhao, Shizheng Hou, Han Chen, Zining Zhang, Pingyi Luo, Bingsheng He,
• Abstract summary: Small language models (SLMs) struggle with NL2 tasks, exhibiting poor performance and incompatibility with existing frameworks.<n>We introduce Feather- Paradigm, a new lightweight framework tailored for SLMs.<n>The proposed paradigm raises the accuracy ceiling of SLMs to 54.76%, highlighting its effectiveness.
• Score: 22.960560371494832
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) has seen significant advancements with large language models (LLMs). However, these models often depend on closed-source systems and high computational resources, posing challenges in data privacy and deployment. In contrast, small language models (SLMs) struggle with NL2SQL tasks, exhibiting poor performance and incompatibility with existing frameworks. To address these issues, we introduce Feather-SQL, a new lightweight framework tailored for SLMs. Feather-SQL improves SQL executability and accuracy through 1) schema pruning and linking, 2) multi-path and multi-candidate generation. Additionally, we introduce the 1+1 Model Collaboration Paradigm, which pairs a strong general-purpose chat model with a fine-tuned SQL specialist, combining strong analytical reasoning with high-precision SQL generation. Experimental results on BIRD demonstrate that Feather-SQL improves NL2SQL performance on SLMs, with around 10% boost for models without fine-tuning. The proposed paradigm raises the accuracy ceiling of SLMs to 54.76%, highlighting its effectiveness.

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