How does the entanglement entropy of a many-body quantum system change after a single measurement?

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.04071v2
• Date: Mon, 14 Apr 2025 15:59:55 GMT
• Title: How does the entanglement entropy of a many-body quantum system change after a single measurement?
• Authors: Bo Fan, Can Yin, Antonio M. García-García,
• Abstract summary: For one-dimensional free Dirac fermions, we compute the probability distribution of the change in the entanglement entropy.<n>For the quantum jump and the projective measurement protocols, we observe clear deviations from Gaussianity.
• Score: 0.6451914896767134
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: For one-dimensional free Dirac fermions, we compute numerically the probability distribution of the change in the entanglement entropy (EE), after the saturation time, resulting from a single measurement of the occupation number by using different measurement protocols. For the quantum jump and the projective measurement protocols, we observe clear deviations from Gaussianity characterized by broader and asymmetric tails, exponential for positive values of the change, and a peak at zero that increases with the system size and the monitoring strength supporting that in all cases the EE is in the area law phase. Another distinct feature of the distribution is its spatial inhomogeneity. In the weak monitoring limit, the distribution is close to Gaussian with a broad support for boundary point separating the two subsystems defining the EE while for the rest of sites has asymmetric exponential tails and a much narrower support. For a quantum state diffusion protocol, the distribution is Gaussian for weak monitoring. As the monitoring strength increases, it gradually develops symmetric exponential tails. In the strong monitoring limit, the tails are still exponential but the core turns from Gaussian to strongly peaked at zero suggesting the dominance of quantum Zeno effect. For all monitoring strengths, the distribution is size independent.

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