Imaginary gauge potentials in a non-Hermitian spin-orbit coupled quantum gas

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08614v1
• Date: Fri, 11 Apr 2025 15:20:19 GMT
• Title: Imaginary gauge potentials in a non-Hermitian spin-orbit coupled quantum gas
• Authors: Junheng Tao, Emmanuel Mercado-Gutierrez, Mingshu Zhao, Ian Spielman,
• Abstract summary: In 1996, Hatano and Nelson proposed a non-Hermitian lattice model containing an imaginary Peierls phase.<n>We experimentally realize a continuum analog to this model using a homogeneous spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate.<n>We demonstrate that the resulting Heisenberg equations of motion for position and momentum depend explicitly on the system's phase-space distribution.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: In 1996, Hatano and Nelson proposed a non-Hermitian lattice model containing an imaginary Peierls phase [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 570-573 (1996)], which subsequent analyses revealed to be an instance of a new class of topological systems. Here, we experimentally realize a continuum analog to this model containing an imaginary gauge potential using a homogeneous spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Non-Hermiticity is introduced by adding tunable spin-dependent loss via microwave coupling to a subspace with spontaneous emission. We demonstrate that the resulting Heisenberg equations of motion for position and momentum depend explicitly on the system's phase-space distribution. First, we observe collective nonreciprocal transport in real space, with a "self-acceleration" that decreases with the BEC's spatial extent, consistent with non-Hermitian Gross-Pitaevskii simulations. We then examine localized edge states: the relatively strong interactions in our BEC suppress the formation of topological edge states, yielding instead highly excited states localized by an interplay between self-acceleration and wavefunction spreading. Finally, we confirm that our non-Hermitian description remains valid at all times by comparing to a multi-level master-equation treatment.

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