ArtRAG: Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Structured Context for Visual Art Understanding

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06020v1
• Date: Fri, 09 May 2025 13:08:27 GMT
• Title: ArtRAG: Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Structured Context for Visual Art Understanding
• Authors: Shuai Wang, Ivona Najdenkoska, Hongyi Zhu, Stevan Rudinac, Monika Kackovic, Nachoem Wijnberg, Marcel Worring,
• Abstract summary: ArtRAG is a novel framework that combines structured knowledge with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for multi-perspective artwork explanation.<n>At inference time, a structured retriever selects semantically and topologically relevant subgraphs to guide generation.<n>Experiments on the SemArt and Artpedia datasets show that ArtRAG outperforms several heavily trained baselines.
• Score: 16.9945713458689
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Understanding visual art requires reasoning across multiple perspectives -- cultural, historical, and stylistic -- beyond mere object recognition. While recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) perform well on general image captioning, they often fail to capture the nuanced interpretations that fine art demands. We propose ArtRAG, a novel, training-free framework that combines structured knowledge with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for multi-perspective artwork explanation. ArtRAG automatically constructs an Art Context Knowledge Graph (ACKG) from domain-specific textual sources, organizing entities such as artists, movements, themes, and historical events into a rich, interpretable graph. At inference time, a multi-granular structured retriever selects semantically and topologically relevant subgraphs to guide generation. This enables MLLMs to produce contextually grounded, culturally informed art descriptions. Experiments on the SemArt and Artpedia datasets show that ArtRAG outperforms several heavily trained baselines. Human evaluations further confirm that ArtRAG generates coherent, insightful, and culturally enriched interpretations.

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