NGPU-LM: GPU-Accelerated N-Gram Language Model for Context-Biasing in Greedy ASR Decoding

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22857v1
• Date: Wed, 28 May 2025 20:43:10 GMT
• Title: NGPU-LM: GPU-Accelerated N-Gram Language Model for Context-Biasing in Greedy ASR Decoding
• Authors: Vladimir Bataev, Andrei Andrusenko, Lilit Grigoryan, Aleksandr Laptev, Vitaly Lavrukhin, Boris Ginsburg,
• Abstract summary: This work rethinks data structures for statistical n-gram language models to enable fast and parallel operations for GPU-optimized inference.<n>Our approach, named NGPU-LM, introduces customizable greedy decoding for all major ASR model types with less than 7% computational overhead.<n>The proposed approach can eliminate more than 50% of the accuracy gap between greedy and beam search for out-of-domain scenarios while avoiding significant slowdown caused by beam search.
• Score: 54.88765757043535
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Statistical n-gram language models are widely used for context-biasing tasks in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). However, existing implementations lack computational efficiency due to poor parallelization, making context-biasing less appealing for industrial use. This work rethinks data structures for statistical n-gram language models to enable fast and parallel operations for GPU-optimized inference. Our approach, named NGPU-LM, introduces customizable greedy decoding for all major ASR model types - including transducers, attention encoder-decoder models, and CTC - with less than 7% computational overhead. The proposed approach can eliminate more than 50% of the accuracy gap between greedy and beam search for out-of-domain scenarios while avoiding significant slowdown caused by beam search. The implementation of the proposed NGPU-LM is open-sourced.

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