Constructing Extreme Heatwave Storylines with Differentiable Climate Models

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10660v2
• Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2025 14:39:47 GMT
• Title: Constructing Extreme Heatwave Storylines with Differentiable Climate Models
• Authors: Tim Whittaker, Alejandro Di Luca,
• Abstract summary: We present a novel framework that leverages a differentiable hybrid climate model, NeuralGCM, to optimize initial conditions and generate physically consistent worst-case heatwave trajectories.<n>Applying to the 2021 Pacific Northwest heatwave, our method produces heatwave intensity up to 3.7 $circ$C above the most extreme member of a 75-member ensemble.<n>Our results demonstrate that differentiable climate models can efficiently explore the upper tails of event likelihoods, providing a powerful new approach for constructing targeted storylines of extreme weather under climate change.
• Score: 49.1574468325115
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Understanding the plausible upper bounds of extreme weather events is essential for risk assessment in a warming climate. Existing methods, based on large ensembles of physics-based models, are often computationally expensive or lack the fidelity needed to simulate rare, high-impact extremes. Here, we present a novel framework that leverages a differentiable hybrid climate model, NeuralGCM, to optimize initial conditions and generate physically consistent worst-case heatwave trajectories. Applied to the 2021 Pacific Northwest heatwave, our method produces heatwave intensity up to 3.7 $^\circ$C above the most extreme member of a 75-member ensemble. These trajectories feature intensified atmospheric blocking and amplified Rossby wave patterns-hallmarks of severe heat events. Our results demonstrate that differentiable climate models can efficiently explore the upper tails of event likelihoods, providing a powerful new approach for constructing targeted storylines of extreme weather under climate change.

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