S$^4$C: Speculative Sampling with Syntactic and Semantic Coherence for Efficient Inference of Large Language Models

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14158v1
• Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2025 03:38:19 GMT
• Title: S$^4$C: Speculative Sampling with Syntactic and Semantic Coherence for Efficient Inference of Large Language Models
• Authors: Tao He, Guang Huang, Yu Yang, Tianshi Xu, Sicheng Zhao, Guiguang Ding, Pengyang Wang, Feng Tian,
• Abstract summary: Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable reasoning capabilities across diverse downstream tasks.<n>Their autoregressive nature leads to substantial latency inference, posing challenges for real-time applications.<n>We propose a Speculative Sampling with Syntactic and Semantic Coherence framework, which extends speculative sampling by leveraging multi-head drafting.
• Score: 38.784951111677856
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable reasoning capabilities across diverse downstream tasks. However, their autoregressive nature leads to substantial inference latency, posing challenges for real-time applications. Speculative sampling mitigates this issue by introducing a drafting phase followed by a parallel validation phase, enabling faster token generation and verification. Existing approaches, however, overlook the inherent coherence in text generation, limiting their efficiency. To address this gap, we propose a Speculative Sampling with Syntactic and Semantic Coherence (S$^4$C) framework, which extends speculative sampling by leveraging multi-head drafting for rapid token generation and a continuous verification tree for efficient candidate validation and feature reuse. Experimental results demonstrate that S$^4$C surpasses baseline methods across mainstream tasks, offering enhanced efficiency, parallelism, and the ability to generate more valid tokens with fewer computational resources. On Spec-bench benchmarks, S$^4$C achieves an acceleration ratio of 2.26x-2.60x, outperforming state-of-the-art methods.

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