SMARTIES: Spectrum-Aware Multi-Sensor Auto-Encoder for Remote Sensing Images

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19585v1
• Date: Tue, 24 Jun 2025 12:51:39 GMT
• Title: SMARTIES: Spectrum-Aware Multi-Sensor Auto-Encoder for Remote Sensing Images
• Authors: Gencer Sumbul, Chang Xu, Emanuele Dalsasso, Devis Tuia,
• Abstract summary: Recent deep learning models are often specific to single sensors or to fixed combinations.<n>We introduce SMARTIES, a generic and versatile foundation model lifting sensor-specific/dependent efforts.<n>On both single and multi-modal tasks across diverse sensors, SMARTIES outperforms previous models that rely on sensor-specific pretraining.
• Score: 17.304106221330414
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: From optical sensors to microwave radars, leveraging the complementary strengths of remote sensing (RS) sensors is crucial for achieving dense spatio-temporal monitoring of our planet. In contrast, recent deep learning models, whether task-specific or foundational, are often specific to single sensors or to fixed combinations: adapting such models to different sensory inputs requires both architectural changes and re-training, limiting scalability and generalization across multiple RS sensors. On the contrary, a single model able to modulate its feature representations to accept diverse sensors as input would pave the way to agile and flexible multi-sensor RS data processing. To address this, we introduce SMARTIES, a generic and versatile foundation model lifting sensor-specific/dependent efforts and enabling scalability and generalization to diverse RS sensors: SMARTIES projects data from heterogeneous sensors into a shared spectrum-aware space, enabling the use of arbitrary combinations of bands both for training and inference. To obtain sensor-agnostic representations, we train a single, unified transformer model reconstructing masked multi-sensor data with cross-sensor token mixup. On both single- and multi-modal tasks across diverse sensors, SMARTIES outperforms previous models that rely on sensor-specific pretraining. Our code and pretrained models are available at https://gsumbul.github.io/SMARTIES.

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