Nonequilibrium steady states in multi-bath quantum collision models
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13860v1
- Date: Fri, 18 Jul 2025 12:34:39 GMT
- Title: Nonequilibrium steady states in multi-bath quantum collision models
- Authors: Ronan McElvogue, Andrew K. Mitchell, Gabriel T. Landi, Steve Campbell,
- Abstract summary: Collision models capture the dynamics of open quantum systems.<n>Non-Markovian dynamics arise when intra-environment interactions in either setting are introduced.<n>We showcase this with a trajectory analysis of the heat currents within a two-point measurement scheme.
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- License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
- Abstract: Collision models provide a simple and versatile setting to capture the dynamics of open quantum systems. The standard approach to thermalisition in this setting involves an environment of independent and identically-prepared thermal qubits, interacting sequentially for a finite duration $\Delta t$ with the system. We compare this to a two-bath scenario in which collisional qubits are prepared in either their ground or excited states and the environment temperature is encoded in system-environment couplings. The system reaches the same thermal steady state for both settings as $\Delta t\to 0$, although even in this limit they describe fundamentally different physical processes, with the two-bath setup yielding a nonequilibrium state with finite heat currents. Non-Markovian dynamics arise when intra-environment interactions in either setting are introduced. Here, the system in the single-bath setup again reaches a steady state at the canonical temperature of the bath, but the nonequilibrium steady state of the two-bath setup tends to a different temperature due to the generation of strong system-environment and intra-environment correlations. The two-bath setting is particularly suited to studying quantum trajectories, which are well-defined also for the non-Markovian case. We showcase this with a trajectory analysis of the heat currents within a two-point measurement scheme. Our results provide insights into the dynamics and thermodynamics of thermalisation towards nonequilibrium steady states and the role of non-Markovian interactions.
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