Optimizing Legal Document Retrieval in Vietnamese with Semi-Hard Negative Mining

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14619v1
• Date: Sat, 19 Jul 2025 13:30:14 GMT
• Title: Optimizing Legal Document Retrieval in Vietnamese with Semi-Hard Negative Mining
• Authors: Van-Hoang Le, Duc-Vu Nguyen, Kiet Van Nguyen, Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen,
• Abstract summary: This paper presents a two-stage framework consisting of Retrieval and Re-ranking to enhance legal document retrieval efficiency and accuracy.<n>Key innovations include the introduction of the Exist@m metric to evaluate retrieval effectiveness and the use of semi-hard negatives to mitigate training bias.<n>The framework demonstrates that optimized data processing, tailored loss functions, and balanced negative sampling are pivotal for building robust retrieval-augmented systems in legal contexts.
• Score: 4.233176571117095
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant challenges in specialized domains like law, where precision and domain-specific knowledge are critical. This paper presents a streamlined two-stage framework consisting of Retrieval and Re-ranking to enhance legal document retrieval efficiency and accuracy. Our approach employs a fine-tuned Bi-Encoder for rapid candidate retrieval, followed by a Cross-Encoder for precise re-ranking, both optimized through strategic negative example mining. Key innovations include the introduction of the Exist@m metric to evaluate retrieval effectiveness and the use of semi-hard negatives to mitigate training bias, which significantly improved re-ranking performance. Evaluated on the SoICT Hackathon 2024 for Legal Document Retrieval, our team, 4Huiter, achieved a top-three position. While top-performing teams employed ensemble models and iterative self-training on large bge-m3 architectures, our lightweight, single-pass approach offered a competitive alternative with far fewer parameters. The framework demonstrates that optimized data processing, tailored loss functions, and balanced negative sampling are pivotal for building robust retrieval-augmented systems in legal contexts.

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