Temporal Basis Function Models for Closed-Loop Neural Stimulation

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15274v1
• Date: Mon, 21 Jul 2025 06:21:58 GMT
• Title: Temporal Basis Function Models for Closed-Loop Neural Stimulation
• Authors: Matthew J. Bryan, Felix Schwock, Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad, Rajesh P N Rao,
• Abstract summary: Closed-loop neural stimulation provides novel therapies for neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD)<n>It is not yet clear whether artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can tailor closed-loop stimulation to individual patients or identify new therapies.<n>We propose temporal basis function models (TBFMs) to address these difficulties.
• Score: 1.9686770963118383
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Closed-loop neural stimulation provides novel therapies for neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), but it is not yet clear whether artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can tailor closed-loop stimulation to individual patients or identify new therapies. Progress requires us to address a number of translational issues, including sample efficiency, training time, and minimizing loop latency such that stimulation may be shaped in response to changing brain activity. We propose temporal basis function models (TBFMs) to address these difficulties, and explore this approach in the context of excitatory optogenetic stimulation. We demonstrate the ability of TBF models to provide a single-trial, spatiotemporal forward prediction of the effect of optogenetic stimulation on local field potentials (LFPs) measured in two non-human primates. We further use simulations to demonstrate the use of TBF models for closed-loop stimulation, driving neural activity towards target patterns. The simplicity of TBF models allow them to be sample efficient, rapid to train (2-4min), and low latency (0.2ms) on desktop CPUs. We demonstrate the model on 40 sessions of previously published excitatory optogenetic stimulation data. For each session, the model required 15-20min of data collection to successfully model the remainder of the session. It achieved a prediction accuracy comparable to a baseline nonlinear dynamical systems model that requires hours to train, and superior accuracy to a linear state-space model. In our simulations, it also successfully allowed a closed-loop stimulator to control a neural circuit. Our approach begins to bridge the translational gap between complex AI-based approaches to modeling dynamical systems and the vision of using such forward prediction models to develop novel, clinically useful closed-loop stimulation protocols.

Related papers

• Langevin Flows for Modeling Neural Latent Dynamics [81.81271685018284]
  We introduce LangevinFlow, a sequential Variational Auto-Encoder where the time evolution of latent variables is governed by the underdamped Langevin equation.<n>Our approach incorporates physical priors -- such as inertia, damping, a learned potential function, and forces -- to represent both autonomous and non-autonomous processes in neural systems.<n>Our method outperforms state-of-the-art baselines on synthetic neural populations generated by a Lorenz attractor.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-07-15T17:57:48Z)
• BLEND: Behavior-guided Neural Population Dynamics Modeling via Privileged Knowledge Distillation [6.3559178227943764]
  We propose BLEND, a behavior-guided neural population dynamics modeling framework via privileged knowledge distillation.<n>By considering behavior as privileged information, we train a teacher model that takes both behavior observations (privileged features) and neural activities (regular features) as inputs.<n>A student model is then distilled using only neural activity.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-10-02T12:45:59Z)
• Neuroformer: Multimodal and Multitask Generative Pretraining for Brain Data [3.46029409929709]
  State-of-the-art systems neuroscience experiments yield large-scale multimodal data, and these data sets require new tools for analysis. Inspired by the success of large pretrained models in vision and language domains, we reframe the analysis of large-scale, cellular-resolution neuronal spiking data into an autoregressive generation problem. We first trained Neuroformer on simulated datasets, and found that it both accurately predicted intrinsically simulated neuronal circuit activity, and also inferred the underlying neural circuit connectivity, including direction.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-10-31T20:17:32Z)
• The Expressive Leaky Memory Neuron: an Efficient and Expressive Phenomenological Neuron Model Can Solve Long-Horizon Tasks [64.08042492426992]
  We introduce the Expressive Memory (ELM) neuron model, a biologically inspired model of a cortical neuron. Our ELM neuron can accurately match the aforementioned input-output relationship with under ten thousand trainable parameters. We evaluate it on various tasks with demanding temporal structures, including the Long Range Arena (LRA) datasets.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-06-14T13:34:13Z)
• Continuous time recurrent neural networks: overview and application to forecasting blood glucose in the intensive care unit [56.801856519460465]
  Continuous time autoregressive recurrent neural networks (CTRNNs) are a deep learning model that account for irregular observations. We demonstrate the application of these models to probabilistic forecasting of blood glucose in a critical care setting.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-04-14T09:39:06Z)
• STNDT: Modeling Neural Population Activity with a Spatiotemporal Transformer [19.329190789275565]
  We introduce SpatioTemporal Neural Data Transformer (STNDT), an NDT-based architecture that explicitly models responses of individual neurons. We show that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on ensemble level in estimating neural activities across four neural datasets.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-06-09T18:54:23Z)
• EINNs: Epidemiologically-Informed Neural Networks [75.34199997857341]
  We introduce a new class of physics-informed neural networks-EINN-crafted for epidemic forecasting. We investigate how to leverage both the theoretical flexibility provided by mechanistic models as well as the data-driven expressability afforded by AI models.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-02-21T18:59:03Z)
• DriPP: Driven Point Processes to Model Stimuli Induced Patterns in M/EEG Signals [62.997667081978825]
  We develop a novel statistical point process model-called driven temporal point processes (DriPP) We derive a fast and principled expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate the parameters of this model. Results on standard MEG datasets demonstrate that our methodology reveals event-related neural responses.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-12-08T13:07:21Z)
• Deep inference of latent dynamics with spatio-temporal super-resolution using selective backpropagation through time [15.648009434801885]
  Modern neural interfaces allow access to the activity of up to a million neurons within brain circuits. bandwidth limits often create a trade-off between greater spatial sampling (more channels or pixels) and frequency of temporal sampling. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to obtain super-resolution in neuronal time series by exploiting relationships among neurons.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-10-29T20:18:29Z)
• Bubblewrap: Online tiling and real-time flow prediction on neural manifolds [2.624902795082451]
  We propose a method that combines fast, stable dimensionality reduction with a soft tiling of the resulting neural manifold. The resulting model can be trained at kiloHertz data rates, produces accurate approximations of neural dynamics within minutes, and generates predictions on submillisecond time scales.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-08-31T16:01:45Z)
• Deep Bayesian Active Learning for Accelerating Stochastic Simulation [74.58219903138301]
  Interactive Neural Process (INP) is a deep active learning framework for simulations and with active learning approaches. For active learning, we propose a novel acquisition function, Latent Information Gain (LIG), calculated in the latent space of NP based models. The results demonstrate STNP outperforms the baselines in the learning setting and LIG achieves the state-of-the-art for active learning.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-06-05T01:31:51Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.