Investigating the Performance of Adaptive Optics on Different Bases of Spatial Modes in Turbulent Channels

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21015v1
• Date: Thu, 28 Aug 2025 17:18:09 GMT
• Title: Investigating the Performance of Adaptive Optics on Different Bases of Spatial Modes in Turbulent Channels
• Authors: Rojan Abolhassani, Lukas Scarfe, Francesco Di Colandrea, Alessio D'Errico, Khabat Heshami, Ebrahim Karimi,
• Abstract summary: Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows secure key exchange based on the principles of quantum mechanics.<n>Free-space QKD is crucial for global networks where fibres are impractical.<n> Adaptive optics (AO) provides a pathway to correct these errors.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows secure key exchange based on the principles of quantum mechanics, with higher-dimensional photonic states offering enhanced channel capacity and resilience to noise. Free-space QKD is crucial for global networks where fibres are impractical, but atmospheric turbulence introduces severe states distortions, particularly for spatial modes. Adaptive optics (AO) provides a pathway to correct these errors, though its effectiveness depends on the encoding basis. Here, we experimentally evaluate a high-speed AO system for orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, mutually unbiased bases (MUB), and symmetric, informationally complete, positive operator-valued measures (SIC-POVM) up to dimension $d=8$ in a turbulent free-space channel. While OAM states are strongly distorted, their cylindrical symmetry makes them optimally corrected by AO, yielding error rates below QKD security thresholds. MUB and SIC-POVM exhibit greater intrinsic robustness to turbulence but are less precisely corrected, though their performance remains within protocol tolerances. These results establish AO as a key enabler of secure, high-dimensional QKD and highlight the role of basis choice in optimizing resilience and correction.

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