PrismGS: Physically-Grounded Anti-Aliasing for High-Fidelity Large-Scale 3D Gaussian Splatting

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07830v1
• Date: Thu, 09 Oct 2025 06:21:45 GMT
• Title: PrismGS: Physically-Grounded Anti-Aliasing for High-Fidelity Large-Scale 3D Gaussian Splatting
• Authors: Houqiang Zhong, Zhenglong Wu, Sihua Fu, Zihan Zheng, Xin Jin, Xiaoyun Zhang, Li Song, Qiang Hu,
• Abstract summary: 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has recently enabled real-time rendering in compact scenes, but scaling to large urban environments introduces severe aliasing artifacts.<n>We propose PrismGS, a physically-grounded regularization framework that improves the intrinsic rendering behavior of 3D Gaussians.
• Score: 23.277915756682944
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has recently enabled real-time photorealistic rendering in compact scenes, but scaling to large urban environments introduces severe aliasing artifacts and optimization instability, especially under high-resolution (e.g., 4K) rendering. These artifacts, manifesting as flickering textures and jagged edges, arise from the mismatch between Gaussian primitives and the multi-scale nature of urban geometry. While existing ``divide-and-conquer'' pipelines address scalability, they fail to resolve this fidelity gap. In this paper, we propose PrismGS, a physically-grounded regularization framework that improves the intrinsic rendering behavior of 3D Gaussians. PrismGS integrates two synergistic regularizers. The first is pyramidal multi-scale supervision, which enforces consistency by supervising the rendering against a pre-filtered image pyramid. This compels the model to learn an inherently anti-aliased representation that remains coherent across different viewing scales, directly mitigating flickering textures. This is complemented by an explicit size regularization that imposes a physically-grounded lower bound on the dimensions of the 3D Gaussians. This prevents the formation of degenerate, view-dependent primitives, leading to more stable and plausible geometric surfaces and reducing jagged edges. Our method is plug-and-play and compatible with existing pipelines. Extensive experiments on MatrixCity, Mill-19, and UrbanScene3D demonstrate that PrismGS achieves state-of-the-art performance, yielding significant PSNR gains around 1.5 dB against CityGaussian, while maintaining its superior quality and robustness under demanding 4K rendering.

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