PIXEL: Adaptive Steering Via Position-wise Injection with eXact Estimated Levels under Subspace Calibration

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10205v1
• Date: Sat, 11 Oct 2025 13:13:34 GMT
• Title: PIXEL: Adaptive Steering Via Position-wise Injection with eXact Estimated Levels under Subspace Calibration
• Abstract summary: We propose a position-wise activation steering framework for large language models (LLMs) on the web.<n>PIXEL learns a property-aligned subspace from dual views and selects intervention strength via a constrained geometric objective.<n>PIXEL consistently improves attribute alignment while preserving model general capabilities.
• Score: 17.225716209866086
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Reliable behavior control is central to deploying large language models (LLMs) on the web. Activation steering offers a tuning-free route to align attributes (e.g., truthfulness) that ensure trustworthy generation. Prevailing approaches rely on coarse heuristics and lack a principled account of where to steer and how strongly to intervene. To this end, we propose Position-wise Injection with eXact Estimated Levels (PIXEL), a position-wise activation steering framework that, in contrast to prior work, learns a property-aligned subspace from dual views (tail-averaged and end-token) and selects intervention strength via a constrained geometric objective with a closed-form solution, thereby adapting to token-level sensitivity without global hyperparameter tuning. PIXEL further performs sample-level orthogonal residual calibration to refine the global attribute direction and employs a lightweight position-scanning routine to identify receptive injection sites. We additionally provide representation-level guarantees for the minimal-intervention rule, supporting reliable alignment. Across diverse models and evaluation paradigms, PIXEL consistently improves attribute alignment while preserving model general capabilities, offering a practical and principled method for LLMs' controllable generation. Our code is available at https://github.com/V1centNevwake/PIXEL-Adaptive-Steering

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