Post-Quantum Cryptography and Quantum-Safe Security: A Comprehensive Survey

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10436v1
• Date: Sun, 12 Oct 2025 04:00:01 GMT
• Title: Post-Quantum Cryptography and Quantum-Safe Security: A Comprehensive Survey
• Authors: Gaurab Chhetri, Shriyank Somvanshi, Pavan Hebli, Shamyo Brotee, Subasish Das,
• Abstract summary: Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is moving from evaluation to deployment as NIST finalizes standards for ML-KEM, ML-DSA, and SLH-DSA.<n>This survey maps the space from foundations to practice.
• Score: 0.9204149287692597
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is moving from evaluation to deployment as NIST finalizes standards for ML-KEM, ML-DSA, and SLH-DSA. This survey maps the space from foundations to practice. We first develop a taxonomy across lattice-, code-, hash-, multivariate-, isogeny-, and MPC-in-the-Head families, summarizing security assumptions, cryptanalysis, and standardization status. We then compare performance and communication costs using representative, implementation-grounded measurements, and review hardware acceleration (AVX2, FPGA/ASIC) and implementation security with a focus on side-channel resistance. Building upward, we examine protocol integration (TLS, DNSSEC), PKI and certificate hygiene, and deployment in constrained and high-assurance environments (IoT, cloud, finance, blockchain). We also discuss complementarity with quantum technologies (QKD, QRNGs) and the limits of near-term quantum computing. Throughout, we emphasize crypto-agility, hybrid migration, and evidence-based guidance for operators. We conclude with open problems spanning parameter agility, leakage-resilient implementations, and domain-specific rollout playbooks. This survey aims to be a practical reference for researchers and practitioners planning quantum-safe systems, bridging standards, engineering, and operations.

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