LoopTool: Closing the Data-Training Loop for Robust LLM Tool Calls

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09148v2
• Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2025 07:03:59 GMT
• Title: LoopTool: Closing the Data-Training Loop for Robust LLM Tool Calls
• Authors: Kangning Zhang, Wenxiang Jiao, Kounianhua Du, Yuan Lu, Weiwen Liu, Weinan Zhang, Yong Yu,
• Abstract summary: LoopTool is a fully automated, model-aware data evolution framework.<n>It iteratively refines both the data and the model through three synergistic modules.<n> Experiments show that our 8B model trained with LoopTool significantly surpasses its 32B data generator.
• Score: 46.34510189812439
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Augmenting Large Language Models (LLMs) with external tools enables them to execute complex, multi-step tasks. However, tool learning is hampered by the static synthetic data pipelines where data generation and model training are executed as two separate, non-interactive processes. This approach fails to adaptively focus on a model's specific weaknesses and allows noisy labels to persist, degrading training efficiency. We introduce LoopTool, a fully automated, model-aware data evolution framework that closes this loop by tightly integrating data synthesis and model training. LoopTool iteratively refines both the data and the model through three synergistic modules: (1) Greedy Capability Probing (GCP) diagnoses the model's mastered and failed capabilities; (2) Judgement-Guided Label Verification (JGLV) uses an open-source judge model to find and correct annotation errors, progressively purifying the dataset; and (3) Error-Driven Data Expansion (EDDE) generates new, challenging samples based on identified failures. This closed-loop process operates within a cost-effective, open-source ecosystem, eliminating dependence on expensive closed-source APIs. Experiments show that our 8B model trained with LoopTool significantly surpasses its 32B data generator and achieves new state-of-the-art results on the BFCL-v3 and ACEBench benchmarks for its scale. Our work demonstrates that closed-loop, self-refining data pipelines can dramatically enhance the tool-use capabilities of LLMs.

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