TacEleven: generative tactic discovery for football open play

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13326v2
• Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2025 07:00:40 GMT
• Title: TacEleven: generative tactic discovery for football open play
• Authors: Siyao Zhao, Hao Ma, Zhiqiang Pu, Jingjing Huang, Yi Pan, Shijie Wang, Zhi Ming,
• Abstract summary: We propose TacEleven, a generative framework for football open-play tactic discovery.<n>TacEleven consists of two core components: a language-controlled tactical generator that produces diverse tactical proposals, and a multimodal large language model-based tactical critic.<n>We evaluate TacEleven across three tasks with progressive tactical complexity.
• Score: 22.44470234670096
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Creating offensive advantages during open play is fundamental to football success. However, due to the highly dynamic and long-sequence nature of open play, the potential tactic space grows exponentially as the sequence progresses, making automated tactic discovery extremely challenging. To address this, we propose TacEleven, a generative framework for football open-play tactic discovery developed in close collaboration with domain experts from AJ Auxerre, designed to assist coaches and analysts in tactical decision-making. TacEleven consists of two core components: a language-controlled tactical generator that produces diverse tactical proposals, and a multimodal large language model-based tactical critic that selects the optimal proposal aligned with a high-level stylistic tactical instruction. The two components enables rapid exploration of tactical proposals and discovery of alternative open-play offensive tactics. We evaluate TacEleven across three tasks with progressive tactical complexity: counterfactual exploration, single-step discovery, and multi-step discovery, through both quantitative metrics and a questionnaire-based qualitative assessment. The results show that the TacEleven-discovered tactics exhibit strong realism and tactical creativity, with 52.50% of the multi-step tactical alternatives rated adoptable in real-world elite football scenarios, highlighting the framework's ability to rapidly generate numerous high-quality tactics for complex long-sequence open-play situations. TacEleven demonstrates the potential of creatively leveraging domain data and generative models to advance tactical analysis in sports.

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