Explainable Deep Learning for Brain Tumor Classification: Comprehensive Benchmarking with Dual Interpretability and Lightweight Deployment

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.17655v1
• Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2025 17:21:40 GMT
• Title: Explainable Deep Learning for Brain Tumor Classification: Comprehensive Benchmarking with Dual Interpretability and Lightweight Deployment
• Authors: Md. Mohaiminul Islam, Md. Mofazzal Hossen, Maher Ali Rusho, Nahiyan Nazah Ridita, Zarin Tasnia Shanta, Md. Simanto Haider, Ahmed Faizul Haque Dhrubo, Md. Khurshid Jahan, Mohammad Abdul Qayum,
• Abstract summary: This study provides a full deep learning system for automated classification of brain tumors from MRI images.<n>Inception-ResNet V2 reached state-of-the-art performance, achieving a 99.53% accuracy on testing.<n>This end-to-end solution considers accuracy, interpretability, and deployability of trustworthy AI.
• Score: 4.259927630334864
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Our study provides a full deep learning system for automated classification of brain tumors from MRI images, includes six benchmarked architectures (five ImageNet-pre-trained models (VGG-16, Inception V3, ResNet-50, Inception-ResNet V2, Xception) and a custom built, compact CNN (1.31M params)). The study moves the needle forward in a number of ways, including (1) full standardization of assessment with respect to preprocessing, training sets/protocols (optimizing networks with the AdamW optimizer, CosineAnnealingLR, patiene for early stopping = 7), and metrics to assess performance were identical along all models; (2) a high level of confidence in the localizations based on prior studies as both Grad-CAM and GradientShap explanation were used to establish anatomically important and meaningful attention regions and address the black-box issue; (3) a compact 1.31 million parameter CNN was developed that achieved 96.49% testing accuracy and was 100 times smaller than Inception-ResNet V2 while permitting real-time inference (375ms) on edge devices; (4) full evaluation beyond accuracy reporting based on measures of intersection over union, Hausdorff distance, and precision-recall curves, and confusion matrices across all splits. Inception-ResNet V2 reached state-of-the-art performance, achieving a 99.53% accuracy on testing and obtaining a precision, recall, and F1-score of at least 99.50% dominant performance based on metrics of recent studies. We demonstrated a lightweight model that is suitable to deploy on devices that do not have multi-GPU infrastructure in under-resourced settings. This end-to-end solution considers accuracy, interpretability, and deployability of trustworthy AI to create the framework necessary for performance assessment and deployment within advance and low-resource healthcare systems to an extent that enabled participation at the clinical screening and triage level.

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