Lost in Modality: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Text-Based Membership Inference Attacks on Large Multimodal Models

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03121v1
• Date: Tue, 02 Dec 2025 14:11:51 GMT
• Title: Lost in Modality: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Text-Based Membership Inference Attacks on Large Multimodal Models
• Authors: Ziyi Tong, Feifei Sun, Le Minh Nguyen,
• Abstract summary: Logit-based membership inference attacks (MIAs) have become a widely adopted approach for assessing data exposure in large language models (LLMs)<n>We present the first comprehensive evaluation of extending these text-based MIA methods to multimodal settings.
• Score: 3.9448289587779404
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Large Multimodal Language Models (MLLMs) are emerging as one of the foundational tools in an expanding range of applications. Consequently, understanding training-data leakage in these systems is increasingly critical. Log-probability-based membership inference attacks (MIAs) have become a widely adopted approach for assessing data exposure in large language models (LLMs), yet their effect in MLLMs remains unclear. We present the first comprehensive evaluation of extending these text-based MIA methods to multimodal settings. Our experiments under vision-and-text (V+T) and text-only (T-only) conditions across the DeepSeek-VL and InternVL model families show that in in-distribution settings, logit-based MIAs perform comparably across configurations, with a slight V+T advantage. Conversely, in out-of-distribution settings, visual inputs act as regularizers, effectively masking membership signals.

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