WaTeRFlow: Watermark Temporal Robustness via Flow Consistency

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.19048v1
• Date: Mon, 22 Dec 2025 05:33:59 GMT
• Title: WaTeRFlow: Watermark Temporal Robustness via Flow Consistency
• Authors: Utae Jeong, Sumin In, Hyunju Ryu, Jaewan Choi, Feng Yang, Jongheon Jeong, Seungryong Kim, Sangpil Kim,
• Abstract summary: We present WaTeRFlow, a framework tailored for robustness under I2V.<n>It exposes the encoder-decoder to realistic distortions via instruction-driven edits and a fast video diffusion proxy during training.<n>Experiments across representative I2V models show accurate watermark recovery from frames, with higher first-frame and per-frame bit accuracy and resilience.
• Score: 46.206343565195375
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Image watermarking supports authenticity and provenance, yet many schemes are still easy to bypass with various distortions and powerful generative edits. Deep learning-based watermarking has improved robustness to diffusion-based image editing, but a gap remains when a watermarked image is converted to video by image-to-video (I2V), in which per-frame watermark detection weakens. I2V has quickly advanced from short, jittery clips to multi-second, temporally coherent scenes, and it now serves not only content creation but also world-modeling and simulation workflows, making cross-modal watermark recovery crucial. We present WaTeRFlow, a framework tailored for robustness under I2V. It consists of (i) FUSE (Flow-guided Unified Synthesis Engine), which exposes the encoder-decoder to realistic distortions via instruction-driven edits and a fast video diffusion proxy during training, (ii) optical-flow warping with a Temporal Consistency Loss (TCL) that stabilizes per-frame predictions, and (iii) a semantic preservation loss that maintains the conditioning signal. Experiments across representative I2V models show accurate watermark recovery from frames, with higher first-frame and per-frame bit accuracy and resilience when various distortions are applied before or after video generation.

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