Steering Dynamical Regimes of Diffusion Models by Breaking Detailed Balance

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.15914v1
• Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2026 03:05:37 GMT
• Title: Steering Dynamical Regimes of Diffusion Models by Breaking Detailed Balance
• Authors: Haiqi Lu, Ying Tang,
• Abstract summary: We show that deliberately breaking detailed balance in generative diffusion processes can accelerate the reverse process without changing the stationary distribution.<n>We analyze how such non-reversible control reshapes the macroscopic dynamical regimes of the phase transitions recently identified in generative diffusion models.
• Score: 2.336538451986937
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We show that deliberately breaking detailed balance in generative diffusion processes can accelerate the reverse process without changing the stationary distribution. Considering the Ornstein--Uhlenbeck process, we decompose the dynamics into a symmetric component and a non-reversible anti-symmetric component that generates rotational probability currents. We then construct an exponentially optimal non-reversible perturbation that improves the long-time relaxation rate while preserving the stationary target. We analyze how such non-reversible control reshapes the macroscopic dynamical regimes of the phase transitions recently identified in generative diffusion models. We derive a general criterion for the speciation time and show that suitable non-reversible perturbations can accelerate speciation. In contrast, the collapse transition is governed by a trace-controlled phase-space contraction mechanism that is fixed by the symmetric component, and the corresponding collapse time remains unchanged under anti-symmetric perturbations. Numerical experiments on Gaussian mixture models support these findings.

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