DeepResearch-9K: A Challenging Benchmark Dataset of Deep-Research Agent

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.01152v1
• Date: Sun, 01 Mar 2026 15:36:10 GMT
• Title: DeepResearch-9K: A Challenging Benchmark Dataset of Deep-Research Agent
• Authors: Tongzhou Wu, Yuhao Wang, Xinyu Ma, Xiuqiang He, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Xiangyu Zhao,
• Abstract summary: DeepResearch-9K is a large-scale, challenging dataset for deep-research scenarios.<n>DeepResearch-R1 is an open-source training framework for deep-research agents.
• Score: 63.52637950356965
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Deep-research agents are capable of executing multi-step web exploration, targeted retrieval, and sophisticated question answering. Despite their powerful capabilities, deep-research agents face two critical bottlenecks: (1) the lack of large-scale, challenging datasets with real-world difficulty, and (2) the absence of accessible, open-source frameworks for data synthesis and agent training. To bridge these gaps, we first construct DeepResearch-9K, a large-scale challenging dataset specifically designed for deep-research scenarios built from open-source multi-hop question-answering (QA) datasets via a low-cost autonomous pipeline. Notably, it consists of (1) 9000 questions spanning three difficulty levels from L1 to L3 (2) high-quality search trajectories with reasoning chains from Tongyi-DeepResearch-30B-A3B, a state-of-the-art deep-research agent, and (3) verifiable answers. Furthermore, we develop an open-source training framework DeepResearch-R1 that supports (1) multi-turn web interactions, (2) different reinforcement learning (RL) approaches, and (3) different reward models such as rule-based outcome reward and LLM-as-judge feedback. Finally, empirical results demonstrate that agents trained on DeepResearch-9K under our DeepResearch-R1 achieve state-of-the-art results on challenging deep-research benchmarks. We release the DeepResearch-9K dataset on https://huggingface.co/datasets/artillerywu/DeepResearch-9K and the code of DeepResearch-R1 on https://github.com/Applied-Machine-Learning-Lab/DeepResearch-R1.

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