Fingerprint Recognition of Partial Discharge Signals in Deep Learning Enhanced Rydberg Atomic Sensors

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.02925v1
• Date: Tue, 03 Mar 2026 12:31:18 GMT
• Title: Fingerprint Recognition of Partial Discharge Signals in Deep Learning Enhanced Rydberg Atomic Sensors
• Authors: Yi-Ming Yin, Qi-Feng Wang, Yu Ma, Tian-Yu Han, Jia-Dou Nan, Zheng-Yuan Zhang, Han-Chao Chen, Xin Liu, Shi-Yao Shao, Jun Zhang, Qing Li, Ya-Jun Wang, Dong-Yang Zhu, Qiao-Qiao Fang, Chao Yu, Bang Liu, Li-Hua Zhang, Dong-Sheng Ding, Bao-Sen Shi,
• Abstract summary: We employ a Rydberg atomic sensor to directly capture time-domain responses of partial discharge emissions.<n>A 1D ResNet deep learning model is then applied to recognize these fingerprints from time-domain signals without manual feature engineering.<n>We validate the approach in a simulated early-warning scenario, where partial discharge signals mixed with noise are analyzed and the model successfully generates predictive alarms.
• Score: 42.41909362660158
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Partial discharge originates from microscopic insulation imperfections in high-voltage apparatus and is widely considered a critical marker of incipient deterioration. Conventional partial discharge detection methods are typically constrained by limited bandwidth and often rely on predefined feature extraction, which impedes reliable recognition of broadband transient signals. In this work, we employ a Rydberg atomic sensor to directly capture time-domain responses of partial discharge emissions and construct distinctive spectral fingerprints for different types. A 1D ResNet deep learning model is then applied to recognize these fingerprints from time-domain signals without manual feature engineering. Under increased source-antenna distances, where spectral features are significantly attenuated, the model attains a recognition accuracy of approximately 94\% across four partial discharge categories, demonstrating robustness to attenuation and noise. We further validate the approach in a simulated early-warning scenario, where partial discharge signals mixed with noise are analyzed and the model successfully generates predictive alarms. These results underscore the potential of integrating Rydberg-based broadband sensing with data-driven analysis for non-invasive, high-sensitivity diagnostics of electrical insulation systems.

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