ALBA: A European Portuguese Benchmark for Evaluating Language and Linguistic Dimensions in Generative LLMs

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.26516v1
• Date: Fri, 27 Mar 2026 15:25:44 GMT
• Title: ALBA: A European Portuguese Benchmark for Evaluating Language and Linguistic Dimensions in Generative LLMs
• Abstract summary: We introduce ALBA, a benchmark designed to assess proficiency in linguistic-related tasks in European Portuguese (pt-PT)<n>ALBA is manually constructed by language experts and paired with an LLM-as-a-judge framework for scalable evaluation of pt-PT generated language.<n> Experiments on a diverse set of models reveal performance variability across linguistic dimensions, highlighting the need for comprehensive, variety-sensitive benchmarks.
• Score: 6.876400358750551
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) expand across multilingual domains, evaluating their performance in under-represented languages becomes increasingly important. European Portuguese (pt-PT) is particularly affected, as existing training data and benchmarks are mainly in Brazilian Portuguese (pt-BR). To address this, we introduce ALBA, a linguistically grounded benchmark designed from the ground up to assess LLM proficiency in linguistic-related tasks in pt-PT across eight linguistic dimensions, including Language Variety, Culture-bound Semantics, Discourse Analysis, Word Plays, Syntax, Morphology, Lexicology, and Phonetics and Phonology. ALBA is manually constructed by language experts and paired with an LLM-as-a-judge framework for scalable evaluation of pt-PT generated language. Experiments on a diverse set of models reveal performance variability across linguistic dimensions, highlighting the need for comprehensive, variety-sensitive benchmarks that support further development of tools in pt-PT.

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