Towards Domain-Generalized Open-Vocabulary Object Detection: A Progressive Domain-invariant Cross-modal Alignment Method

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27556v1
• Date: Sun, 29 Mar 2026 07:39:31 GMT
• Title: Towards Domain-Generalized Open-Vocabulary Object Detection: A Progressive Domain-invariant Cross-modal Alignment Method
• Abstract summary: Open-Vocabulary Object Detection has achieved remarkable success in generalizing to novel categories.<n>We provide a principled revisit of the OVOD paradigm, uncovering a fundamental vulnerability.<n>We propose Progressive Domain-invariant Cross-modal Alignment (PICA)
• Score: 59.30562121800656
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Open-Vocabulary Object Detection (OVOD) has achieved remarkable success in generalizing to novel categories. However, this success often rests on the implicit assumption of domain stationarity. In this work, we provide a principled revisit of the OVOD paradigm, uncovering a fundamental vulnerability: the fragile coupling between visual manifolds and textual embeddings when distribution shifts occur. We first systematically formalize Domain-Generalized Open-Vocabulary Object Detection (DG-OVOD). Through empirical analysis, we demonstrate that visual shifts do not merely add noise; they cause a collapse of the latent cross-modal space where novel category visual signals detach from their semantic anchors. Motivated by these insights, we propose Progressive Domain-invariant Cross-modal Alignment (PICA). PICA departs from uniform training by introducing a multi-level ambiguity and signal strength curriculum. It builds adaptive pseudo-word prototypes, refined via sample confidence and visual consistency, to enforce invariant cross-domain modality alignment. Our findings suggest that OVOD's robustness to domain shifts is intrinsically linked to the stability of the latent cross-modal alignment space. Our work provides both a challenging benchmark and a new perspective on building truly generalizable open-vocabulary systems that extend beyond static laboratory conditions.

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