Hybrid quantum-classical dynamics with stationary thermal states

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.02484v1
• Date: Thu, 02 Apr 2026 19:36:19 GMT
• Title: Hybrid quantum-classical dynamics with stationary thermal states
• Abstract summary: Quantum and classical systems can consistently be coupled via non-unitary time-irreversible mechanisms.<n>In this paper we characterize which kind of corresponding dynamics converge in the stationary regime to a thermal hybrid state.
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• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Quantum and classical systems can consistently be coupled via non-unitary time-irreversible mechanisms. In this paper we characterize which kind of corresponding dynamics converge in the stationary regime to a thermal hybrid state, that is, a density matrix that maximizes the hybrid arrangement entropy under the constraints of a canonical ensemble. Introducing a detailed balance condition, it is found that a specific subclass of hybrid Lindblad equations fulfill the demanded requirement. The main theoretical results are exemplified through a set of specific examples that in addition lighten how the thermal state of each subsystem in isolation is affected by their mutual coupling. In particular, a Gaussian thermal state could become a bimodal distribution when increasing the interaction strength of a classical subsystem with a quantum two-level subsystem.

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