Quantum MIMO Channel Modeling in Turbulent Free-Space Optical Links

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06931v1
• Date: Wed, 08 Apr 2026 10:43:20 GMT
• Title: Quantum MIMO Channel Modeling in Turbulent Free-Space Optical Links
• Abstract summary: We develop a first-principles model for Quantum MIMO channels derived directly from wave-optical propagation through three-dimensional atmospheric turbulence.<n>We distinguish between distinguishable and indistinguishable photon regimes, showing that indistinguishability leads to intrinsically many-body interference effects.<n>To obtain a completely positive and trace-preserving logical description, we introduce an erasure-extended encoding in which turbulence-induced leakage and photon loss are mapped to flagged erasure states.
• Score: 35.10995887061051
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Free-space optical (FSO) links supporting spatial multiplexing provide a natural physical realization of Quantum MIMO channels. We develop a first-principles model for Quantum MIMO channels derived directly from wave-optical propagation through three-dimensional atmospheric turbulence. The framework explicitly accounts for intermodal crosstalk, finite detection apertures, and the system-bath separation induced by spatial-mode projection. We distinguish between distinguishable and indistinguishable photon regimes, showing that indistinguishability leads to intrinsically many-body interference effects described by matrix permanents. To obtain a completely positive and trace-preserving logical description, we introduce an erasure-extended encoding in which turbulence-induced leakage and photon loss are mapped to flagged erasure states. The resulting Quantum MIMO channel naturally reduces to a correlated n-qubit erasure channel, with correlations arising from the shared turbulent medium. Limiting regimes in which correlated Pauli channels emerge as effective approximations are also identified.

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