Quantization Impact on the Accuracy and Communication Efficiency Trade-off in Federated Learning for Aerospace Predictive Maintenance

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08474v1
• Date: Thu, 09 Apr 2026 17:13:15 GMT
• Title: Quantization Impact on the Accuracy and Communication Efficiency Trade-off in Federated Learning for Aerospace Predictive Maintenance
• Abstract summary: Federated learning (FL) enables privacy-preserving predictive maintenance across distributed aerospace fleets.<n>This paper investigates the impact of symmetric uniform quantization on the accuracy--efficiency trade-off of a custom-designed lightweight convolutional model.<n>Int4 achieves accuracy emphstatistically indistinguishable from FP32 on both FD001 and FD002.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Federated learning (FL) enables privacy-preserving predictive maintenance across distributed aerospace fleets, but gradient communication overhead constrains deployment on bandwidth-limited IoT nodes. This paper investigates the impact of symmetric uniform quantization ($b \in \{32,8,4,2\}$ bits) on the accuracy--efficiency trade-off of a custom-designed lightweight 1-D convolutional model (AeroConv1D, 9\,697 parameters) trained via FL on the NASA C-MAPSS benchmark under a realistic Non-IID client partition. Using a rigorous multi-seed evaluation ($N=10$ seeds), we show that INT4 achieves accuracy \emph{statistically indistinguishable} from FP32 on both FD001 ($p=0.341$) and FD002 ($p=0.264$ MAE, $p=0.534$ NASA score) while delivering an $8\times$ reduction in gradient communication cost (37.88~KiB $\to$ 4.73~KiB per round). A key methodological finding is that naïve IID client partitioning artificially suppresses variance; correct Non-IID evaluation reveals the true operational instability of extreme quantization, demonstrated via a direct empirical IID vs.\ Non-IID comparison. INT2 is empirically characterized as unsuitable: while it achieves lower MAE on FD002 through extreme quantization-induced over-regularization, this apparent gain is accompanied by catastrophic NASA score instability (CV\,=\,45.8\% vs.\ 22.3\% for FP32), confirming non-reproducibility under heterogeneous operating conditions. Analytical FPGA resource projections on the Xilinx ZCU102 confirm that INT4 fits within hardware constraints (85.5\% DSP utilization), potentially enabling a complete FL pipeline on a single SoC. The full simulation codebase and FPGA estimation scripts are publicly available at https://github.com/therealdeadbeef/aerospace-fl-quantization.

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