Few-Shot Contrastive Adaptation for Audio Abuse Detection in Low-Resource Indic Languages

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.09094v1
• Date: Fri, 10 Apr 2026 08:23:03 GMT
• Title: Few-Shot Contrastive Adaptation for Audio Abuse Detection in Low-Resource Indic Languages
• Abstract summary: Abusive speech detection is becoming increasingly important as social media shifts towards voice-based interaction.<n>We investigate whether Contrastive Language-Audio Pre-training can support abusive speech detection directly from audio.
• Score: 3.5238606794194816
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Abusive speech detection is becoming increasingly important as social media shifts towards voice-based interaction, particularly in multilingual and low-resource settings. Most current systems rely on automatic speech recognition (ASR) followed by text-based hate speech classification, but this pipeline is vulnerable to transcription errors and discards prosodic information carried in speech. We investigate whether Contrastive Language-Audio Pre-training (CLAP) can support abusive speech detection directly from audio. Using the ADIMA dataset, we evaluate CLAP-based representations under few-shot supervised contrastive adaptation in cross-lingual and leave-one-language-out settings, with zero-shot prompting included as an auxiliary analysis. Our results show that CLAP yields strong cross-lingual audio representations across ten Indic languages, and that lightweight projection-only adaptation achieves competitive performance with respect to fully supervised systems trained on complete training data. However, the benefits of few-shot adaptation are language-dependent and not monotonic with shot size. These findings suggest that contrastive audio-text models provide a promising basis for cross-lingual audio abuse detection in low-resource settings, while also indicating that transfer remains incomplete and language-specific in important ways.

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