Camo-M3FD: A New Benchmark Dataset for Cross-Spectral Camouflaged Pedestrian Detection

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16582v1
• Date: Fri, 17 Apr 2026 14:30:19 GMT
• Title: Camo-M3FD: A New Benchmark Dataset for Cross-Spectral Camouflaged Pedestrian Detection
• Abstract summary: We introduce Camo-M3FD, a novel benchmark for cross-spectral camouflaged pedestrian detection.<n>The dataset is curated using quantitative metrics to ensure high foreground-background similarity.<n>Our results demonstrate that while thermal signals provide indispensable localization cues, multispectral fusion is essential for refining structural details.
• Score: 3.289878169836672
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Pedestrian detection is fundamental to autonomous driving, robotics, and surveillance. Despite progress in deep learning, reliable identification remains challenging due to occlusions, cluttered backgrounds, and degraded visibility. While multispectral detection-combining visible and thermal sensors-mitigates poor visibility, the challenge of camouflaged pedestrians remains largely unexplored. Existing Camouflaged Object Detection (COD) benchmarks focus on biological species, leaving a gap in safety-critical human detection where targets blend into their surroundings. To address this, we introduce Camo-M3FD (derived from the M3FD dataset), a novel benchmark for cross-spectral camouflaged pedestrian detection, consisting of registered visible-thermal image pairs. The dataset is curated using quantitative metrics to ensure high foreground-background similarity. We provide high-quality pixel-level masks and establish a standardized evaluation framework using state-of-the-art COD models. Our results demonstrate that while thermal signals provide indispensable localization cues, multispectral fusion is essential for refining structural details. Camo-M3FD serves as a foundational resource for developing robust and safety-critical detection systems. The dataset is available on GitHub: https://cod-espol.github.io/Camo-M3FD/

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