Variational Autoencoder Domain Adaptation for Cross-System Generalization in ML-Based SOP Monitoring

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18035v1
• Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 10:00:55 GMT
• Title: Variational Autoencoder Domain Adaptation for Cross-System Generalization in ML-Based SOP Monitoring
• Abstract summary: We propose a framework that learns a shared representation capturing event signatures common to both systems.<n>The proposed approach achieves 95.3% and 73.5% cross-system accuracy when moving from System 1 to System 2 and vice versa.
• Score: 2.7578536045432034
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Machine learning (ML) models trained to detect physical-layer threats on one optical fiber system often fail catastrophically when applied to a different system, due to variations in operating wavelength, fiber properties, and network architecture. To overcome this, we propose a Domain Adaptation (DA) framework based on a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) that learns a shared representation capturing event signatures common to both systems while suppressing system-specific differences. The shared encoder is first trained on the combined data from two distinct optical systems: a 21 km O-band dark-fiber testbed (System 1) and a 63.4 km C-band live metro ring (System 2). The encoder is then frozen, and a classifier is trained using labels from an individual system. The proposed approach achieves 95.3% and 73.5% cross-system accuracy when moving from System 1 to System 2 and vice versa, respectively. This corresponds to gains of 83.4% and 51% over a fully supervised Deep Neural Network (DNN) baseline trained on a single system, while preserving intra-system performance.

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