A universal complementarity identity for polarized double-slit interferometry

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18760v1
• Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 19:09:51 GMT
• Title: A universal complementarity identity for polarized double-slit interferometry
• Abstract summary: Identity of in-phase quadrature components V_A and V_N of fringe visibility, the path predictability P, and the mixedness I of the path-reduced state satisfy V_A2 + V_N2 + P2 + I2 = 1.<n>It unifies the Englert-Greenberger-Yasin and Jakob-Bergou relations, separates the two operationally distinct components of visibility measurable by phase-shifted interferometry, and admits a natural interpretation within the Jaynes maximum-entropy framework.
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• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We establish an exact identity among four dimensionless invariants accessible by standard polarimetric and interferometric measurements in a polarized double-slit experiment: the in-phase and quadrature components V_A and V_N of fringe visibility, the path predictability P, and the mixedness I of the path-reduced state satisfy V_A^2 + V_N^2 + P^2 + I^2 = 1. The identity is a universal algebraic consequence of the positivity of the reduced state and holds for every normalized path-polarization density matrix. It unifies the Englert-Greenberger-Yasin and Jakob-Bergou relations, separates the two operationally distinct components of visibility measurable by phase-shifted interferometry, and admits a natural interpretation within the Jaynes maximum-entropy framework: the three path invariants parametrize the minimal exponential family on the accessible algebra, while I^2 emerges as the residual mixedness that saturates the positivity bound. The separation V^2 = V_A^2 + V_N^2 identifies the antisymmetric sector of the coherence matrix rho = A + iN as the specific substrate of phase-sensitive information and permits a sector-resolved diagnosis of environmental coupling.

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