CrossPan: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Cross-Sequence Pancreas MRI Segmentation and Generalization

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18797v1
• Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 20:00:32 GMT
• Title: CrossPan: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Cross-Sequence Pancreas MRI Segmentation and Generalization
• Abstract summary: CrossPan is a benchmark comprising 1,386 3D scans across three routinely acquired sequences.<n>Models achieving Dice scores above 0.85 in-domain collapse to near-zero when transferred across sequences.<n>Semi-supervised learning offers gains only under stable intensity distributions and becomes unstable on generalization sequences with high intra-organ variability.
• Score: 15.982441239969354
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Automatic pancreas segmentation is fundamental to abdominal MRI analysis, yet deep learning models trained on one MRI sequence often fail catastrophically when applied to another-a challenge that has received little systematic investigation. We introduce CrossPan, a multi-institutional benchmark comprising 1,386 3D scans across three routinely acquired sequences (T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and Out-of-Phase) from eight centers. Our experiments reveal three key findings. First, cross-sequence domain shifts are far more severe than cross-center variability: models achieving Dice scores above 0.85 in-domain collapse to near-zero (<0.02) when transferred across sequences. Second, state-of-the-art domain generalization methods provide negligible benefit under these physics-driven contrast inversions, whereas foundation models like MedSAM2 maintain moderate zero-shot performance through contrast-invariant shape priors. Third, semi-supervised learning offers gains only under stable intensity distributions and becomes unstable on sequences with high intra-organ variability. These results establish cross-sequence generalization-not model architecture or center diversity-as the primary barrier to clinically deployable pancreas MRI segmentation. Dataset and code are available at https://crosspan.netlify.app/.

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